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At the beginning of the 70’s in the 20th century, for the need of the operating system Unix, was developed C, programming language, by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. Even though it is relatively old language, it is one of the most popular programming languages nowadays. It is one of the most used languages in software system area and it is widespread when creating apps. It is low-level, compiled and relatively minimalistic language.
C# pronounced in English is a C sharp, which literally means CIS in music, is high-level object-oriented programming language, which was developed by Microsoft simultaneously with the .NET Framework platform. Later, the language was approved by the standardized commissions ECMA and ISO. Language C# comes from the languages C++ and Java, and is therefore indirect descendant of language C, from which in many ways acquires its syntax.
C++ is multi paradigmatic programming language. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup and other programmers in Bell Labs AT&T as expansion of the C language. C++ supports wider scale of paradigms, programming styles, among which belongs procedural programming, object-oriented programming and generic programming. It can’t be said, that it is only object-oriented language. It is one of the most spread programming languages.
Clojure is modern dialect of programming language Lisp. It is a universal language, which supports functional programming. It focuses mainly on simplifying the multi-threaded app development. For its run uses runtime environment JVM or CLR. It sticks to the philosophy of a code, which acts as data and implements sophisticated Lisp macrosystem.
Dart is a programming language, which was originally developed by Google and then was given the ECMA standard. It is used for building web, server and mobile applications.
Delphi is integrated graphic development environment from the Borland company, which is meant for app creation on MS Windows platform in Object Pascal language and it is also object-oriented programming language, which has developed from the Object Pascal. Delphi is the language alternative as is the Visual Basic and offers fast and quality development.
Go (often called Golang) is compiled paradigm programming language, which was created by the Google Inc. in 2007. The original authors are Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike and Ken Thompson. It belongs with static typed languages with derived syntax from language C. It is based on the language Oberon. Concurrent processing takes over from the Newsqueak. The aim of this language was to learn from the past mistakes and predict the future problems.
Haskell is standardized functional programming language. It uses the principal of lazy evaluation and its name is in honour of the logic Haskell Curry. It evolves very fast and especially because of the Hugs and GHC implementations.
Java is an object-oriented programming language independent of the platform used to create native applications for Android. It is a popular programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, now owned by Oracle. Java contains many of its predecessors’ powerful tools, such as C or C++ while trying to avoid their shortcomings.
JavaScript is object-oriented multiplatform scripted language.
Kotlin is statically typed programming language. It runs on Java Virtual machine or JVM. It is possible to compile it to JavaScript. The main developer of this programming language is a team of programmers from the JetBrains company, who works from a branch in St. Petersburg. The name of the language is derived from one of the Russian islands near St. Petersburg, which is called Kotlin. The magazine Dr. Dobb’s Journal named Kotlin the programming language of the month in January 2012. Although Kotlin is not compatible with Java, it was developed so it would provide interoperability with Java’s libraries and it even depends on some libraries of the core.
LESS is dynamic preprocessor style language, which can be compiled to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). It can be executed by client or server. It was designed by Alexis Sellier and it was influenced by SASS and it also influenced the new SCSS syntax, which uses block syntax that is similar to CSS.
Objective-C, often signified by a shorter term ObjC, is object-oriented programming language, which is implemented as expansion of language C, to which the system adds sending messages from Smalltalk language.
Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language) is interpreted programming language, which was created by Larry Wall in 1987. During that, as the internet evolved, the Pearl became significantly popular tool for the CGI scripts produce.
The first web pages were created static, i.e. their content could not change without the coder and without intervening in the code. Since then, the situation has changed significantly, and majority of web pages is created dynamically, with their changing content generated on the server side. One of the languages used for pages generation is PHP (PHP Hypertext Pre-processor).
PL/SQL is a procedural superstructure of the SQL language by the Oracle company, which is based on the programming language Ada. It is widespread and some of their elements were taken over even by other relational databases. The base building element of PL/SQL is the block. Those can be nested one to another. Typically, the individual block executes one logic action to the given program. The structure of block:
Python is multi-level script programming language, which was introduced by Guido van Rossum in 1991. It includes the dynamical control of data types and supports different programming paradigms: object-oriented programming, imperative programming, procedural programming or functional programming.
SASS, or the Syntactically awesome style sheets is a language for style creation originally designed by Hampton Catlin and developed by Natalie Weizenbaum. Subsequently, SASS was extended to include a simple SassScript scripting language that is used in SASS files.
Scala is multi-paradigm programming language. It was designed so it would integrate features of object-oriented and functional programming. The name origins from English word „scalable“, therefore Scala was developed to grow with the demands from users.
Swift is programming language from the Apple company, which is intended for the development on platforms MacOS and iOS. It is multi-paradigm, compiled and open source. It was supposed to be an alternative for the Objective-C language, in contrast to it, it shouldn’t allow so many mistakes of programmer. It can cooperate with existing frameworks Cocoa Touch and Cocoa. It is compiled with the help of LLVM and in this program it is possible to combine it with languages with C, Objective-C and Objective-C++.